Abstract: With the development of information technology and the influence of commercial factors, smart watches have sprung up in the emerging market for wearable devices and become the focus of public attention. However, the design research of smart watches is still in its infancy, especially in the design of smart watches, the related technology companies have not found a good solution to meet the needs of consumers. Today, there is no big difference in the function of smart watches. Designing is becoming more and more important for smart watches. This paper analyzes and explores the factors affecting the design of smart watches from the perspectives of traditional watch design features, smart watch human-computer interaction and smart watch modeling style, hoping to provide some theoretical accumulation and new for the design of smart watches. The idea.
1 Overview of smart watch design
With the rapid development of Internet technology, the important research direction of the intelligent wearable device field has gradually entered the public's field of vision. Major technology companies have entered this industry that is still in the exploration stage. Because "wrist is the ideal place to wear 'portable interactive devices' and 'casual equipment' (Jonathan Eve), smart watches have become one of the few fastest-growing products in the field of smart wearable devices. . However, research on the design of smart watches is still in its infancy. Most of the companies that design and sell smart watches are information technology companies. The original intention of designing smart watches is to integrate the Internet applications and services based on user data into the devices worn on the wrists, thus borrowing the form of watches. It is precisely because of this original intention that the shape of the early smart watches of major technology companies showed a clear sense of technology and futuristic. However, in addition to geeks, consumers are not "cold" about this smart watch - they are not willing to wear a piece of black plastic wrapped, looks strange and quite cheap electronic watch. After that, major technology companies gradually realized the fact that the design of early smart watches was far from the traditional watch in the public sense, and began to try to apply traditional watch design elements to the design of smart watches. After that, Motorola's Moto 360, Apple's Apple Watch and Nutshell's Geak Watch 2 smart watches are the representatives of smart watches that draw on traditional watch design elements. However, the smart watch is different from the traditional human-computer interaction based on information input and output, which determines the design of the smart watch and can not blindly learn the traditional watch design elements. In the design of traditional watches, some design elements with strong decorative feelings will have a negative impact on the human-computer interaction experience of smart watches. This makes the design of smart watches must take into account its unique way of human-computer interaction. In summary, the author believes that the factors affecting the design of smart watches have the following three aspects: the reference factors of traditional watch design features, the human-computer interaction factors of smart watches and the style factors of smart watches.
2 Reference factors for traditional watch design features
The technological sense of the early smart watches and the futuristic styling design emphasize the powerful features of smart watches. Based on this design idea, the smart watch design will make compromises and compromises on product features. For example, in order to efficiently process information, the large-screen dial is adapted; in order to improve the built-in hardware performance, a large amount of inexpensive plastic is sacrificed at the expense of the design cost; and the external shape is changed to adapt to the shape of the internal electrical components. This practice of focusing only on the functionality of smart watches and neglecting other attributes of watches has created an aesthetic gap with traditional watch users, leaving a low-cost, low-end impression that does not attract consumers to pay for it. Due to the unique wearing and use of smart watches, smart watches introduced by relevant information technology companies cannot be just an electronic device, but will inevitably inherit some of the attributes of traditional watches. Correspondingly, the design of smart watches will inevitably be influenced by the design of traditional watches. Therefore, the reference to the traditional watch design features can be well reflected in the smart watch as a function other than the watch.
In addition to the timing features of the traditional watch that we are familiar with, the traditional watch has several other attributes. 1 Decorative attributes: In the second half of the 19th century, craftsmen put pocket watches as decorative elements of jewelry on women's bracelets, which is the prototype of traditional watches. Traditional watches have shown distinctive decorative attributes at the beginning of their birth. This decorative attribute not only reflects people's aesthetic pursuit of traditional watches, but also satisfies the emotional appeals that people respect each other on a social level. It is also the decorative attributes of traditional watches such as jewellery that make people evaluate the quality of traditional watches in addition to their excellent timing functions when evaluating a good traditional watch. 2 Symbolic attributes: American sociologist Louis Monford once said, "The protagonist of the industrial revolution is not a steam locomotive but a convenient table." The emergence of traditional watches became the epitome of the social organization at that time. Traditional watches provide precise time to bring capitalist division of labor into order. Traditional watches are therefore very important to business managers, military personnel, surgeons and government officials, and become a symbol of their social class and social status. At the same time, the use of precious metals in traditional watches and the pursuit of the ultimate craftsmanship demonstrate their ability to control social resources and become a symbol of the wearer's wealth status. 3 Cultural attributes: Traditional watches are a kind of art that is suitable for viewing, collecting and gifting because of the pursuit of the ultimate craftsmanship and pleasing artistic expression. In addition, the cultural attributes of traditional watches are also expressed in the commemorative sense. The key to commemorating a particular event is the time it takes place. The traditional watch with timekeeping as its function, meaningful and profound, and rich in cultural heritage is a good carrier for this kind of commemoration.
Smart watches also need to reflect the several attributes conveyed in traditional watches. The specific expression in the design is the analysis and reference of the traditional watch design features. Taking the Apple Watch as an example, the square case with rounded corners shows a retro style, which is very similar to the case of the Patek Philippe 3649/1 watch. In other details, Apple Watch uses a linear lugs on the fast-replaceable strap. This design not only inherits the classic style of traditional watches, but also adapts to the fast replacement of the strap. The retention and reuse of the crown is the highlight of the Apple Watch - not only the design of the crown details is very elegant, but also the use of this crown to develop an original smart watch human-computer interaction. This design is a bridge between the new and old things of smart watches and traditional watches. In the button layout, Apple Watch almost copied the layout of the Jaeger-LeCoultre series watch. The use of a variety of materials, including precious metals, and the rapid replacement of the straps make the smart watch no longer a hobbyist's exclusive plaything. It greatly realizes the differentiation of the smart watch style and enriches the smart watch. scenes to be used. The reference of smart watch to the traditional watch design features fully reflects the multiple attributes of the watch, shortening the sense of distance of the new smart watch.
Figure 1 Apple Watch
3 smart watch human-computer interaction factors
The reference to the traditional watch design features makes the smart watch have the relevant attributes as a classic watch, making a technologically sensitive electronic device become very affable. However, this does not mean that we can completely replicate the design features of traditional watches in the design of smart watches. The functions of smart watches and traditional watches vary greatly, which leads to a completely different way and experience in human-computer interaction. Compared with traditional watches, smart watches have more input information. Then it should meet this demand in its design. Some of the exaggerated and highly decorative design features of traditional watch design do not match. Compared with Geak Watch 2, which is launched by Shell Electronics, this smart watch has a qualitative leap in design compared to its predecessor – the classic case design of Panerai watches makes it from the previous generation. The seemingly cheap "electronic watch" became a classic watch. However, in my opinion, the use of such mature design features in traditional watches in smart watches is slightly exaggerated. The wide, well-crafted case reveals a tough visual experience. However, this design also caused the surface of the smart watch to sink, and this sunken surface greatly affects the continuity of the sliding operation of the smart watch. Exaggerated, decorative design features have a negative impact on the human-computer interaction experience of smart watches, reducing the efficiency of people using smart watches to process information. Therefore, the smart watch human-computer interaction mode is another factor that affects the design of smart watches.
Figure 2 Geak Watch II Pro 
Figure 3 TIckle scratching interaction · TIcwatch
From the perspective of the function of smart watches, people can easily and conveniently access and process information, push relevant information in time, filter spam, and quickly process less important small events so that users can focus on the most important things. Based on this feature, the human-computer interaction design of smart watches faces greater challenges. Its wearable features make smart watches suitable for a variety of different use scenarios, and test the social acceptance of interaction with smart watches in public places; its frame and input restrictions require human-computer interaction to be instant and efficient. Simple "light interaction" features. For example, TIckle scratches the original “scratching†interaction of the smart watch TIcwatch – “You can zoom in and out, and click on the touch bar on the right side of the body to achieve diversified operations such as zooming in, zooming out, menu selection, etc. Light and smooth operation. The experience is like scratching the watch. This kind of interaction is not only small in operation but also convenient and efficient. Therefore, the concept and principle of human-computer interaction design of smart watches have the following two points: First, the human-computer interaction of smart watches needs to be similar to the daily use of traditional watches. For example, lifting the wrist can wake up the smart watch screen; use the crown to interact with the smart watch. This not only reduces the learning cost of smartwatch human-computer interaction, but also improves the social acceptance of smartwatch use. Second, the human-computer interaction of smart watches needs to reduce the complexity of interactive content of smart watches and highlight the interaction logic based on functions. Specifically, it avoids excessive processing of information selection; it maximizes core functionality in the primary interaction hierarchy; uses as much voice, sensors, environment interactions, and Internet data interfaces as possible.
From the characteristics of human-computer interaction of smart watches, its influence on its design is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1 It is necessary to highlight the visual subject of the smart watch screen (ie, the surface of the smart watch), and the surface of the smart watch should be suitable for touch. The way of interaction focuses on the fluency and rationality of touch operations. 2 The details of the buttons and crowns need to be deeply designed to show their unique role in the human-computer interaction of smart watches. 3 It is necessary to rationally optimize the layout of electronic components such as microphones, sensors and cameras on smart watches to ensure the efficient operation of human-computer interaction of smart watches.
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