Abstract: Solar LED lighting systems, as green energy sources, have been widely used in recent years. This paper introduces you to a simple, reliable and easy-to-use solar landscape lighting control system. The system realizes the light intensity and color control of the lighting unit in the system through the ZigBee wireless sensor network architecture, and uses the polling mechanism to solve the real-time collection of the status of each lighting unit. And the broadcast frame synchronization cooperative lighting unit completes the scene conversion, and all system information is centrally processed by the upper computer control software through the GPRS network.
1 system structure
The landscape lighting system is mainly composed of three parts: lighting unit, scene controller and monitoring host, as shown in Figure 1. The landscape lighting system staff realizes the detection, management and control of the working status of each lighting unit of the entire landscape system through the monitoring host. A monitoring host is set up in the system. The host computer is a computer connected to the Intenet and installed the landscape lighting system monitoring software. . The scene controller and the lighting unit it controls are the basic building blocks of the system. The monitoring host maintains information interaction with the system through the Internet and the GPRS wireless network. The number of scene controllers is determined according to the landscape lighting scale and the application environment, and each scene controller controls 1 to 127 lighting units to operate. Because landscape lighting has lower real-time requirements than industrial control systems and requires less information to be transmitted, the landscape system local communication uses ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN), the lighting unit completes the WSN sensor network device function, and the scene controller The wireless sensor gateway function is implemented and acts as a co-ordinator of the respective sensor network, which is responsible for the networking and data transfer management of each sensor device. In addition to the completion of the sensor device function, the lighting unit in the system needs to complete the work of collecting the detection data of the lighting unit, sending data according to the system requirements, battery charging management, lighting control, and the like.
Figure 1 Landscape lighting system composition
2 functional design
2.1 Lighting unit
The main components of the lighting unit include a solar panel (group), a power management module, a battery (group), an LED light control module, and a wireless transceiver module.
The solar panels (groups) convert the light energy into a current and charge the battery (group) via the power management module. After the landscape lighting system is turned on, the power management module converts the stored energy of the battery (group) into 12V DC required for LED lighting, and the power module detects the voltage of the battery in real time. When the battery voltage is lower than the threshold, the module automatically turns the LED power supply. Enter the mains and complete the conversion from 220V AC to 12V DC.
The LED light control module needs to complete the switching, coloring and dimming of the LED light according to the scene setting. LED lamps are currently packaged in 1W or 3W lamp beads, which emit different colors of light through different phosphor LED beads. LED lamp beads are packaged in series, parallel, and hybrid. The LED lamp bead package can be selected according to the color requirements and brightness requirements of landscape lighting. In order to achieve better color reproduction in the landscape lighting system, the system uses red (R), green (G), and blue (B) three-color lamp beads to uniformly package the hybrid mode. The LED light control module controls the brightness of the RGB three color light beads, and forms a plurality of colors through the lens. Controlling the brightness of the LED lamp bead can be realized by changing the LED lamp bead current and adjusting the LED lamp bead lighting time. Relatively changing the current adjustment method, using the LED high-flashing feature to change the LED lighting time is simpler and easier to implement, is currently The main method used to adjust the brightness of the lamp bead. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of a lamp bead (red) in an LED lamp. The integrated circuit U1 is a constant current source chip (XLT604), and supplies power to the red, green and blue lamp beads, and the PWM pin control generates a constant current. Source current size. The P1.5 of the MCU sends out a PWM signal. The duty cycle is different, which causes the red bead to illuminate at different times, so that the red bead emits different brightness. The high and low levels of the MCU P1.2 pin are used to judge whether the red bead is damaged. .
Figure 2 LED lamp bead control circuit.
A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice. It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat. The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat. Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose. Cooking rice has traditionally required constant attention to ensure the rice was cooked properly, and not burnt. Electric rice cookers automate the process by mechanically or electronically controlling heat and timing, thus freeing up a heating element on the cooking range that had to be otherwise occupied for rice cooking. Although the rice cooker does not necessarily speed up the cooking process, with an electric rice cooker the cook's involvement in cooking rice is reduced to simply measuring the rice, preparing the rice properly and using the correct amount of water. Once the rice cooker is set to cook, the rice will be cooked with no further attention.
Features:
For modern home rice cookers, the smallest single-person model cooks 1 rice cup (180 ml), whereas large models can cook 10 cups. Commercial models can cook 20 or more cups. As a possible source of confusion, model specifications and names may list either cooked or uncooked capacity. Rice roughly doubles in size during cooking; therefore, a 10 cup (uncooked) rice cooker can produce up to 20 cups of cooked rice. The prices vary greatly, depending on the capacity, features, materials used, and the country of origin.
The majority of modern electric rice cookers are equipped with a stay-warm or keep-warm feature, which keeps the rice at an optimal temperature for serving without over-cooking it. Some gas cookers also have electric stay-warm mechanism. However, the usefulness of this feature degrades over time, a microwave may be more energy efficient or better suited to reheat rice that will sit longer than four hours.
Some rice cookers use induction heating, with one or more induction heaters directly warming the pot. This can improve energy efficiency.
Most modern rice cookers use aluminium for the inner cooking bowl. There are some models that use stainless steel instead of aluminium. Various other materials, such as copper, pure carbon, ceramic, and diamond powder coating, may be used for higher heat conductivity or better taste.
The pressure-cooking models can raise the water's boiling point higher, e.g., from 100 °C at 1.0 atm up to about 110 °C at 1.4 atm, which speeds cooking. The pressure-cooking models can also be used in high altitude areas, where the boiling temperature is below 100 Celsius. Pressure cookers are also suitable for cooking brown rice (which contains oils and bran fiber that cook differently from pure white rice starch). Some pressure rice cookers have a varying pressure control mechanism (named the "dual-pressure" method) that creates repeated pressure/release cycles during the cooking.
There also exist mechanisms to collect and return the boiled over liquid to the inner rice bowl.
Many cookers now have microprocessor-controlled cooking cycles, which are often used to adjust for rice and cooking type.
Applications
Rice cookers are typically used for the preparation of plain or lightly seasoned rice. Each rice cooker model may be optimized to cook a certain type of rice best. For example, most Japanese rice cookers are optimized for cooking Japanese rice and may not be the best for other types of rice[citation needed], although cooking time can be lengthened simply by more water.
The typical method of cooking long grain rice is boil-and-strain and/or steaming method. The absorption method used in Japanese rice cookers will produce slightly different texture and taste, usually stickier rice.
Brown rice generally needs longer cooking times than white rice, unless it is broken or flourblasted (which perforates the bran).
Different varieties of rice need different cooking times, depending on their grain size, grain shape, and grain composition. There are three main types of Asian rice: Oryza sativa subsp. indica, i.e., Indian rice (long grain rice, e.g., basmati rice and Thai jasmine rice), O. sativa subsp. javanica, i.e., Java rice (large grain rice) and O. sativa subsp. japonica, i.e., Japanese rice (medium grain rice, e.g., Calrose rice, short grain rice, e.g., most Japanese rice and risotto rice).
African rice, Oryza glaberrima, is an entirely separate species, but can be cooked in the same way. Zizania is not even in the same genus, although it is often called a rice (or "water oats"); it, too, can also be cooked in a rice cooker.
A rice cooker can be used to cook many boiled or steamed granular foods, such as pot barley, bulgar wheat, and dal. Provided the ingredients have similar cooking times, a rice cooker can cook mixtures such as khichdi. Some rice cookers can be used as automated couscoussiers, cooking couscous and a stew simultaneously.
Rice Cooker
Rice Cooker,Drum Rice Cooker,Deluxe Rice Cooker,Straight Rice Cooker
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