As a homomorphic semiconductor device that can directly convert electrical energy into visible light, LED has the characteristics of high efficiency, low energy consumption, good light quality, safe use, long life, environmental protection, flexible control, etc. This is unmatched by ordinary lamps. The advantages. Therefore, it is considered to be a new generation of illumination sources in the 21st century. Based on the huge advantages of LED lights, it is widely used in many lighting fields. Including building exterior lighting, landscape lighting, signage and indicator lighting, indoor space display lighting, entertainment venues and stage lighting, video screens, vehicle indicator lighting and many other fields.
1 LED light fixture
1.1 The principle of illumination of lamps
LED, also known as LED. It uses a solid semiconductor chip as a luminescent material when a forward voltage is applied across the N and P stages. The carriers in the semiconductor recombine, releasing excess energy and causing photon emission to produce visible light, which is the principle of its illumination. When the LED is in operation, current flows from the anode to the cathode, and the semiconductor crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared. The larger the band gap between electrons and holes, the higher the photon energy produced. The main reason why LED lamps can emit different colors of light is that different lamps have different band gaps. Among them, the band gap of blue light and purple light is the largest, and the photon carries the most energy.
1.2 Advantages of lamps
1) High efficiency and low energy consumption. Because LDE is a cold light source, its energy-saving and power-saving efficiency can reach more than 90% compared with ordinary lamps. According to research data, under the same light source brightness. LED lamps consume only 10% of the power of ordinary incandescent lamps and 50% of fluorescent lamps. It can be seen that its powerful energy-saving and energy-saving efficiency; 2) health and environmental protection. It is well known that most semiconductor fabrication materials contain substantially mercury. Mercury is a liquid silvery white metal toxic substance. If it cannot be recycled in time after failure, it will have serious pollution effects on the environment. LED lamps advocate the use of water-soluble resins, using non-toxic, solvent-free resins and sealing materials. Green production and pollution-free emissions can be achieved, and waste after failure can be recycled. No environmental pollution and other worries; 3) artistic. LED lamps are based on practical value because the materials used in different materials can produce different colors of light. Produced a powerful artistic effect. Light color is the basic element that constitutes visual aesthetics, so the choice of light source directly affects the artistic effect of light. Currently, color LED luminaires are capable of displaying all visible light colors with high color purity. Therefore, the application of color LED lamps maximizes the artistic effect of visual aesthetics. It breaks the inherent concept of the original lamp form and recognizes, understands and expresses the theme of light from an artistic perspective.
2 LED light source features
1) Voltage. The LED uses a low-voltage power supply with a supply voltage between 6V and 3.6V and an operating current between O.02A--.O.03A. Compared with high voltage lamps, it has a safer power supply; 2) energy consumption. Since the voltage of the LED is low, the current is small. The amount of electrical energy consumed will also be relatively small. Very low compared to ordinary incandescent lamps, 90% of incandescent lamps; 3) applicability. Each unit LED chip is a 3mm to 5mm square, which can be made into various shapes by a plurality of LED chips; 4) stability. The exterior of the LED lamp is encapsulated in epoxy resin and there are no loose parts inside. Has a sturdy and durable use. Under normal use, the service life can reach 60,000 to 100,000 hours, with a long service life, very high stability; 5) response time. The response time of the LED lamp is nanosecond, and the reaction speed is quite fast; 6) Green illumination source. LEDs are made from non-toxic, solvent-free resins and sealing materials. Due to the special materials used, LEDs and the like have neither excessive heat nor radiation, so they are typical green illumination sources; 7) color. LED lights of different materials can change the light of different colors.
3 LED driver and its driving method
The rated voltage and current of the LED luminaire is low-voltage DC. In use, a driver must be required to convert the input current of the high-voltage AC into the low-voltage DC current suitable for the LED to ensure its normal operation. Therefore, when designing an LED driver, it must have high reliability and working efficiency to meet the voltage load, so that its service life is matched with the life of the LED. At present, the driving method of the LED driver mainly includes two types: one is a constant voltage source for a plurality of constant current sources, each constant current source supplies power to each LED separately; the second is direct constant current power supply, and the LEDs are operated in series or in parallel. The main feature of the first drive method is one LED failure. Does not affect the work of other LEDs, and the combination form has higher flexibility. The second type of driving method is opposite to the first one. Not only is the combination flexibility poor, but once a certain LED fails, it will also affect other paths.
4 specific examples of LED lamps
Based on the powerful functional and artistic effects of LED, it is widely used in various lighting fields. The vehicle lighting application will be taken as an example to illustrate the practical value of the LED. Because incandescent lamps have the disadvantages of easy damage, short life, and resistance to shock and impact, LED lamps have long life, durability and so on, so they are used in automobile dashboards and other lighting parts. At the same time, because the LED lighting system responds quickly, it can alert the driver to brake early when a car rear-end collision occurs. Therefore, the central rear high-position brake light made of LED has become a standard part of the automobile.
5 Conclusion
As the fourth-generation green lighting power supply, LED has the advantage that ordinary lamps can't match. It has been widely recognized and praised by people, and is widely used in various lighting fields. Through the discussion of its lighting system in this article, we have a better understanding of LED related knowledge, and also recognize its strong real value. Let us look forward to its development prospects. With the development and maturity of LED technology. As well as strong advantages, LED lamps will become the mainstream products in the future lighting market, and become the first choice for lighting in various fields.
Edit: Cedar
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