Teseo II is a single-chip IC family (STA8088) developed for multi-satellite navigation systems. In addition to GPS and Galileo satellite signals, these ICs can also process data from GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System). These reference designs cover a wide range of GPS, Galileo and GLONASS combinations, and are compliant with the L1/E1 standard from 1569 to 1607 MHz. Due to the relatively large number of satellites used by GLONASS, the navigation performance is significantly improved, especially for adverse environments such as narrow streets in large cities. GLONASS uses a sideband that is different from GPS and Galileo. Not only that, the reference design developed for STA8088GA needs to handle the entire relevant RF range below the first intermediate stage. For this purpose, the input circuit uses an EPCOS surface acoustic wave filter (B39162B3913U410) after the external LNA (low noise amplifier). It is used in the first stage to suppress signals from other sources such as GSM, WiFi, UMTS or BT. Finally, the GLONASS signal is separated from the GPS and Galileo signals and modulated into an intermediate frequency. This reduces the cost by processing all the signals with fewer components. The integrated LNA is used for both paths and is taken separately from the chip. This allows for different surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter designs and layouts. When the signal passes through a second EPCOS SAW filter (B39162B3913U410), it is fed to the RF amplifier and mixer to form an intermediate frequency.
This article refers to the address: http://
Figure 1: The reference design of a car navigation system using the Teseo II chip uses TDK's 19 laminated varistor (MLCC) and 3 inductors in addition to two EPCOS SAW filters. . The SAW filter used here is a rugged ceramic package measuring 3 x 3 x 1.1 mm3, which is compliant with the automotive industry standard AEC-Q200 and has an extremely wide operating temperature range (-45 ° C to 125 ° C). The filter bandwidth is 56MHz and the matching network is designed for 50Ω. TDK's laminated varistors and inductors are also compliant with the AEC-Q200 standard. This type of reference design is suitable for car navigation equipment, not only to complete traditional navigation tasks, but also to complete telematics. Due to its high precision, it is also suitable for safety-related applications such as eCall, bCall or assisted driving systems. STMicroelectronics also developed a navigation system for consumer electronics and industrial electronics using another chip from the Teseo II family (STA8088FG). The reference design uses only one EPCOS SAW filter: it is connected between the IC's LNA output and the RF amplifier. The EPCOS B39163B4310P810 filter used here is manufactured using EPCOS CSSP technology (chip-scale SAW package). This packaging technology enables a high degree of miniaturization, so the size of the filter is only 1.4 x 1.0 x 0.4 mm3. In addition to its compact size, the component has excellent electrical characteristics with an insertion loss of only 1 dB. The filter with a tightly sealed package complies with the AEC-Q200 standard. It has a bandwidth of 34.37MHz and an operating temperature range of -40°C to 85°C. STMicroelectronics has conducted extensive testing around the world for both reference designs to validate the benefits of using multiple satellite navigation systems simultaneously. Figure 2 shows a test conducted in the city canyon of Tokyo. Tests have shown that the accuracy of data using both GPS and GLONASS signal locations has been significantly improved. In a test conducted in Dallas, the new STMicroelectronics design was compared to a competing product that only uses GPS. This test also shows the obvious advantages of multi-navigation systems.
Figure 2: Location data using both GPS and GLONASS signals is better. The number of Teseo II, GPS and GLONASS (red line) positions is significantly more accurate than that obtained only from Teseo II and GPS.
9gram Tealight Candle burning time 2 hours
10gram tealight candle burning time 2.5 hours
11gram tealight candle burning time 3 hours
12Gram Tealight Candle burning time 3.5 hours
13gram tealight candle burning time 3.5-4 hours
14Gram Tealight Candle burning time 4-4.5 hours
white unscented tealight candle made of 100% paraffin wax . 100pcsx10bag/ctn 50pcsx20bag/ctn this is popular packing way ,polybag or box .
shipment is very quickly ,and after 30days when get the depsoit .
Tealight Candle
Tealight Candle,White Tealight Candles,Pillar Tealight Candle,Mini Tealight Candle
Shijiazhuang Zhongya Candle Co,. Ltd. , https://www.zycandlefactory.com