The performance of a headphone speaker is primarily evaluated through several key technical parameters:
1. **Rated Power (W)**
Headphone speakers can produce various types of distortion, including magnetic field irregularities and mechanical vibration system distortions, which often occur at low frequencies. Intermodulation distortion arises when multiple frequency signals are played simultaneously, leading to sound quality degradation due to mutual interference. Transient distortion happens when the vibration system's inertia cannot keep up with rapid signal changes, causing signal distortion. Harmonic distortion refers to the introduction of additional harmonic components not present in the original signal, caused by nonlinearities in the magnetic field, diaphragm characteristics, and voice coil displacement. A high-quality speaker typically has a harmonic distortion level of no more than 5%.
2. **Sensitivity (dB/W)**
Sensitivity measures the sound pressure level produced by the speaker at a distance of 1 meter when an input power of 1 watt is applied. It reflects how well the speaker can reproduce fine details from the audio signal. The higher the sensitivity, the better the speaker's ability to capture and deliver subtle nuances. For Hi-Fi applications, a sensitivity rating of over 86 dB/W is generally considered excellent.
3. **Directivity**
The directivity of a headphone speaker refers to how its sound pressure frequency response varies depending on the direction of sound radiation. This characteristic is influenced by the speaker’s size and frequency range. Larger drivers tend to have more directional sound patterns, while smaller ones provide a more omnidirectional dispersion. Low-frequency sounds below 250 Hz usually exhibit little directivity, while high-frequency sounds above 1.5 kHz tend to be more directional.
In addition to these technical specifications, modern headphone speakers are designed to be compact, lightweight, and portable. Many models come with built-in amplifiers and diversity wireless receivers, weighing around 3.6 kg, making them easy to carry and install. They often feature external input ports for background music (BGM) and can be paired with devices like the WX-4800 for added convenience. These speakers are also suitable for outdoor use, as they can operate on a 12V DC power supply without requiring broadcasting equipment. With a 10W output amplifier and a 12cm full-range cone driver, they deliver powerful sound despite their small size. They support various audio sources such as tapes, CDs, and MD players and can be mounted on walls or ceilings using a microphone stand for flexible placement.
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