Abstract : In order to solve the contradiction between water and water shortage and protect the environment, the article uses sensor technology to make a unified judgment, treatment and classification of domestic wastewater, and store the reusable wastewater for secondary utilization. A design scheme based on the Internet of Things for intelligent management and comprehensive utilization of domestic wastewater is presented. The whole system adopts the mode of combining software and hardware, which can realize the intelligent management and comprehensive utilization of domestic wastewater; avoid the environmental impact of chemical reagents on wastewater treatment, save the resources consumed by manual treatment, and improve wastewater treatment and The efficiency of wastewater use.
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0 Preface
The Internet of Things is an important part of the new generation of information technology. As the name suggests, the Internet of Things is the Internet of Things. This has two meanings: First, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extended and extended network based on the Internet. Second, its client extends and extends to any object and object for information. Exchange and communication. Therefore, the definition of the Internet of Things is: through information recognition devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., to connect any object to the Internet in accordance with a contractual agreement for information exchange and communication. A network that enables intelligent identification, location, tracking, monitoring, and management of objects.
With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, its technology is also widely used in various fields. Using the sensor technology of the Internet of Things, the secondary utilization of domestic wastewater can effectively protect the environment, alleviate water resources and other issues, and promote the development of a water-saving town, the implementation of sustainable development, and the building of a harmonious society.
1 Related technologies and status quo
The design of the system is mainly for the intelligent treatment of domestic wastewater, storing the waste water for secondary use, for flushing, intelligent greening and irrigation.
After consulting relevant materials, the existing water-saving system can only make artificial judgments on daily life wastewater, that is, artificially perform three-way valve switching.
With the continuous development of agriculture, production tools are also constantly changing. Among them, irrigation systems play an irreplaceable role in agricultural production efficiency. Although the original water-saving irrigation system has a significant effect on reducing crop irrigation system and increasing crop yield, the rationality of irrigation cannot be further improved due to the excessive variability of manual operation.
The system is based on sensor technology to collect data on soil water content. The collected data is transmitted to the central control computer through wireless transmission, and the calculation is performed through software to accurately realize intelligent irrigation.
2 Design of domestic wastewater secondary utilization system based on internet of things
2.1 Basic design of the system
The system is based on the Internet of Things (IOT), through the intelligent management of the system, the unified diagnosis, treatment and classification of wastewater (washing water, washing water, bath water, etc.) in daily life, and storage of waste water for secondary use. In the total reservoir under the ground, the wastewater is comprehensively utilized through intelligent control.
According to statistics, the amount of water required for flushing in daily life is far less than the secondary wastewater that can be reused in life. Therefore, according to this feature, another use of the system: using sensor technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, wireless communication technology, etc. for intelligent irrigation of green vegetation and crops.
The intelligent irrigation system consists of a central control computer, wireless data transmission equipment, measurement control unit and corresponding sensors, irrigation equipment. Data acquisition and irrigation control are controlled wirelessly by computer to achieve real-time collection of meteorological parameters and irrigation parameters for green vegetation and crops.
Compared with the previous wastewater treatment system, the design of the whole system is filtered by a filter, the sensor is judged, the system is intelligently pumped, and the system is intelligently irrigated, which avoids the negative impact of the chemical reagents used in wastewater treatment on the environment. The human resources of traditional irrigation. The whole system follows the design concept of green environmental protection, energy saving and sustainable development, highlighting the design concepts of energy recycling, ultra-low energy consumption, information control, health and environmental protection and humanization. The working principle is shown in Figure 1.
2.2 Key Technologies
The whole system introduces the IoT technology for intelligent control and mechanical transmission system design, organically integrates related technologies of machinery, control and information, and realizes intelligent management and comprehensive utilization of secondary utilization of wastewater. The system mainly uses wastewater for flushing and intelligent irrigation.
2.2.1 Waste water flushing device
The design of the wastewater flusher is firstly the filtration of water, which is to filter some of the larger particulate matter (soil particles, leaves, paper scraps, etc.). After the filter treatment, the content of odor, organic matter, colloid, iron and residual chlorine in the water body is greatly reduced, and the turbidity and chroma of the water body are reduced, the water quality is purified, and the subsequent system (reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, ion exchange) is reduced. Pollution).
The water quality sensor is mainly used to detect the concentration of chemical substances (pH, oil concentration and some toxic and harmful chemicals) in the wastewater.
When selecting the pump, it should be noted that the parameters of the required pump are different for different height floors. Here, for example, a multi-storey building with a height of 18 m and 6 floors and a high-rise building with a height of 54 m and 18 stories are taken as examples. Multi-storey buildings should have a pump with a flow rate of 12.5 m3/h, a head of 20 m and a power of 1.5 kW. For high-rise buildings, pumps with a flow rate of 30 m3/h, a lift of 67 m and a power of 15 kW should be selected.
2.2.2 Intelligent green irrigation and agricultural irrigation
The design should first draw the main pipeline from the underground total reservoir, and then lead each sub-pipe to the green space in the main pipeline. Sensors are then installed in different areas of the green space or farmland to detect the moisture content of the soil.
Since different vegetation or crops have different soil moisture requirements, a database needs to be established on the central control computer. The database stores data on the water demand of different vegetation or crops, collects the water content data of the sensor into the soil, transmits the data to the central control computer by wireless technology, and performs calculation and comparison with the data in the database, and then centrally controls The computer issues instructions to intelligently irrigate by volume.
The data collected by the sensor is stored in the database of the central control computer in real time, and the water spray equipment is controlled to be intelligently irrigated after system analysis. In order to prevent rainfall from causing excess water to vegetation or crops, the central control computer is connected to the weather interface on the Internet to achieve timely adjustments to irrigation time and the amount of water needed for irrigation.
2.3 Innovation points
The waste water (washing water, washing clothes, bath water, etc.) generated in the household's home is filtered through the filter to remove impurities, and then passed through the water quality sensor of each building to determine whether it can be reused (pH, oil concentration, some Toxic and harmful chemicals, etc.). The water quality sensor of this design is connected to the three-way solenoid valve for water quality detection and judgment. If the wastewater can be reused, it will flow into the total reservoir under the ground through the pipeline, otherwise it will flow into the sewage pipeline.
In order to prevent the water in the subsurface reservoir from being in a waterless state, the design installs a water level sensor in the reservoir (the water level sensor is used to control the water level and determine whether there is water in the total reservoir). Thus, in the state where the total reservoir is waterless, the electromagnetic valve of the tap water pipe is automatically opened, and water is injected into the total reservoir, and the water injection is stopped when the water level reaches the upper end of the water level sensor.
The water tank on the roof is pumped with intelligent management. That is: the water level sensor is installed in the water tank on the roof and connected with the pump to realize intelligent pumping management (when the water level is too low, the pump starts to pump water; when the water level is too high, the pump stops pumping).
In addition, the design also uses sensor technology to achieve real-time collection of meteorological parameters and irrigation parameters of green vegetation, crops, and intelligent irrigation.
2.4 System Benefits
Aiming at the current water-saving toilet design and intelligent irrigation system, this paper proposes an intelligent unified management and treatment of the wastewater of the whole building based on the Internet of Things technology to realize the classification and treatment of wastewater and the storage of water for secondary use. Use for secondary use (such as: for flushing, intelligent agricultural irrigation, intelligent green irrigation, etc.).
The experimental results show that when the system is used for wastewater treatment, the wastewater treatment is classified, the wastewater is intelligently treated, and the intelligent irrigation is saved, which saves the resources of the previous manual treatment and improves the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
3 Conclusion
The system integrates related technologies such as mechanics, control and information, and thus has the advantages of electric drive, energy saving and environmental protection. At the same time, the use of the Internet of Things technology to intelligently process, manage and intelligently utilize wastewater, thereby avoiding the negative environmental impact of previous chemical treatment on wastewater treatment, saving the resources of the previous manual treatment and improving The efficiency of wastewater treatment and comprehensive utilization.
The system can be invested once and for a lifetime, and can be used for intelligent irrigation of green vegetation and crops. In addition, the system is highly versatile and implementable, and can be used in different buildings such as communities, schools, hotels, and enterprises.
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Features:
- Input: input voltage range: 100-240Vac, max input voltage range: 100-347Vac.
- Output: output power range: 24W-30W; output voltage range: 25-40Vdc.
- Active power factor correction, high PF (PF> 0.95 at 230Vac), low THD (THD <15%), the efficiency can up to reach 91%.
- Flicker-free coefficient<0.4%.
- Meet the ERP standards after being installed inside finished LED lights.
- Open circuit, short circuit and over temperature protections.
- Surge level: 2KV.
- Structure: IP20 (screw terminal version).
- Warranty: 5 years
- Applications: LED down lights, panel lights, grid lights, track lights and etc.
- Input voltage:100-277V AC, 47 to 63Hz
- Output specifications (a):
- 1)25-40Vdc 600mA 24.00W
- 2)25-40Vdc 650mA 26.00W
- 3)25-40Vdc 700mA 28.00W
- 4)25-40Vdc 750mA 30.00W
- 5)25-40Vdc 1100mA 44.00W
- 6)25-42Vdc 1300mA 54.60W
- 7)25-40Vdc 1500mA 60W
- 8)25-40Vdc 2000mA 80.00W
- Conversion efficiency: 90% at 220Vac
- Power factor: 0.97 at 220Vac
- Ripple voltage: ≤1V
- Current tolerance: ±5%
- Protective functions: open-circuit and short-circuit
- Operating temperature: -30 to 50°C
- Humidity: 20 to 90% RH
- MTBF calculation: up to 50,000 hours lifespan
- Certificate: CE, CB, TUV, RCM certified
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