This article mainly introduces the difficulties encountered in the design of LED lighting power supply, and introduces some good solutions for these problems.
In the LED lighting power supply design, there are several design challenges: the common life of the electrolytic capacitor does not match the LED, the common cause and treatment of the LED light flashing, how the PWM dimming affects the life of the LED, and the TRIAC dimming control LED Potential problems with brightness. Zheng Zongqian, senior application engineering manager of ON Semiconductor, discussed the causes and solutions of these problems in the article.
The problem that the life of the electrolytic capacitor does not match the LED
An important consideration for LED lighting is that the LED driver circuit and the LED itself should have a working life comparable. Although there are many factors that affect the reliability of the drive circuit, electrolytic capacitors have a crucial impact on overall reliability. In order to extend the operating life of the system, it is necessary to analyze the capacitance in the application in a targeted manner and select the appropriate electrolytic capacitor.
In fact, the effective operating life of an electrolytic capacitor is largely affected by the ambient temperature and the internal temperature rise caused by the ripple current acting on the internal impedance. Electrolytic capacitor manufacturers offer electrolytic capacitors rated for life based on exposure to the highest rated temperature environment and application of maximum rated ripple current. The typical capacitor rating life at 105 ° C may be 5,000 hours, the actual operating stress experienced by the capacitor is lower than the rated level, and the effective working life is longer. Therefore, on the one hand, selecting an electrolytic capacitor with a long rated working life and capable of withstanding a high rated operating temperature can of course prolong the working life. On the other hand, depending on the actual stress and operating temperature, capacitors with lower rated operating temperature and rated life can still be selected to provide a lower cost solution; in other words, proper stress and operating temperature are considered in the design. , can effectively extend the working life of the electrolytic capacitor, so that it can better match the life of the LED.
For example, ON Semiconductor's off-line LED driver GreenPoint reference design that meets the ENERGY STAR solid-state lighting standard selects Panasonic's ECA-1EM102 aluminum electrolytic capacitors rated at 1000μF, 25V, 850 mA, 2,000 Hours and 85 ° C. The available life of this capacitor exceeds 120,000 hours under the assumption of an ambient temperature of 50 °C. Therefore, the best way to make the LED driver circuit work under suitable temperature conditions and properly handle the heat dissipation problem can achieve the matching problem between the LED driver circuit and the LED working life.
In general, if electrolytic capacitors must be used in the LED driver circuit, efforts must be made to control the applied force and operating temperature of the capacitor to maximize the capacitor operating life in order to match the LED lifetime; on the other hand, the designer Electrolytic capacitors should also be avoided as much as possible.
Common causes and treatments for LED flashing
Usually the human eye can perceive a light flicker with a frequency of 70 Hz, above which it is not perceived. Therefore, in LED lighting applications, if the pulse signal appears at a frequency lower than the low frequency component of 70 Hz, the human eye will feel the flicker. Of course, in specific applications, there are a number of factors that can cause the LEDs to flicker. For example, in off-line low power LED lighting applications, one common power supply topology is an isolated flyback topology. For example, the GreenPoint reference design of 8 W off-line LED driver from ON Semiconductor's ENERGY STAR solid-state lighting standard, as the sinusoidal square wave power conversion of the flyback regulator does not provide constant energy to the primary bias, dynamic A power supply (DSS) circuit may activate and cause a light flash. In order to avoid this problem, the primary bias must be partially discharged in each half cycle, and accordingly, the magnitude of the capacitance and resistance constituting the bias circuit needs to be properly selected.
In addition, electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters are required even in LED driver applications that provide excellent power factor correction and support TRIAC dimming. The transient current caused by the TRIAC step excites the natural resonance of the inductor and capacitor in the EMI filter. If this resonant characteristic causes the input current to drop below the TRIAC holding current, the TRIAC will turn off. After a short delay, the TRIAC will normally turn on again, stimulating the same resonance. This series of events may be repeated multiple times during one half cycle of the input power waveform to form a visible LED flash. To address this issue, a key requirement for TRIAC dimming is the extremely low input capacitance of the EMI filter, which must be decoupled by TRIAC and wire-wound impedance. According to the formula, if the capacitance in the dimming module is reduced, the resistance of the resonant circuit can be increased, and in principle, the oscillation is suppressed and the desired circuit operation is resumed.
What is the effect of PWM dimming on the lifetime of LEDs?
The life of the LED itself is very long, PWM dimming does not damage the expected life of the LED; even because PWM dimming helps reduce the heat of the LED, it can actually help extend the life expectancy of the LED. Of course, in the system design, it is necessary to effectively detect and control the LED temperature to ensure reliable operation of the LED, reflecting its advantages of long life and low maintenance cost.
Potential problems in controlling LED brightness with TRIAC dimming
The current TRIAC dimming is a popular dimming method. TRIAC dimmers were originally designed for incandescent lamps, but leading suppliers such as ON Semiconductor have also introduced LED drivers that support TRIAC dimming, making them ideal for TRIAC dimming in LED lighting. However, this method also has its limitations, such as increasing circuit complexity, affecting power factor, and relatively limited dimming level. As the premier supplier of high performance, energy efficient silicon solutions for green electronics, ON Semiconductor has introduced the NCL30000 LED driver for residential and commercial LED lighting applications. The device uses a critical conduction mode (CrM) flyback architecture to provide a power factor greater than 0.95 in a single-stage topology, eliminating the need for DC-DC conversion sections and simplifying the circuit. This device provides extremely high efficiency even at low levels, meeting various specifications and overall system efficacy requirements. In addition, the device is compatible with leading-edge TRIAC dimmers and trailing-edge transistor dimmers. Depending on the dimmer used, the LED light output can be adjusted to less than 2%, providing excellent dimming performance.
Here is an introduction to the LED driver solution from ON Semiconductor
ON Semiconductor has introduced several important energy-efficient GreenPoint LED driver reference designs, namely:
1, 3W to 5 W LED driver reference design. This reference design has been carefully constructed and tested to drive high-brightness LEDs in a size and feature configuration that is suitable for MR16 LED replacement. This reference design is based on a buck-boost topology using ON Semiconductor's non-isolated constant current configuration and an NCP3065 switching regulator operating at approximately 150 kilohertz (kHz). This reference design circuit is suitable for 12 Vac or 12 Vdc applications such as track lighting, automotive lighting, and landscape lighting, providing flat current regulation regardless of input line and output LED voltage variations. This reference design also provides a unique automatic detection circuit that supports a 12 Vdc or 12 Vac power input while maintaining the target output current.
2. Isolated 8 W constant current LED driver GreenPoint reference design. This reference design is designed for designers who expect to meet the requirements of the US ENERGY STAR Residential Lighting Application Version 1.1 Solid State Lighting (SSL). It has also been carefully constructed and tested to drive portable desk lamps and cabinets. 1 to 8 high-power LEDs in applications such as lighting and outdoor corridor lights. This reference design features a novel circuit configuration that eliminates the need for an additional passive power factor correction (PFC) network to provide a power factor greater than 0.85 at 115 Vac, reducing component count and easily meeting residential LED applications Power factor requirements. This design supports universal input voltage operation from 90 Vac to 265 Vac, using ON Semiconductor's NCP1014 switching regulator integrated circuit (IC) with integrated fixed-frequency current mode controller and 700 V MOSFET.
3. GreenPoint reference design for off-line high power factor TRIAC dimming LED drivers. This reference design uses the key component of the NCL30000 and is intended for use in the US Energy Star commercial and residential lighting applications. The NCL30000 operates over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range, ensuring the wide range of environmental operating conditions specified in most solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. The NCL30000 has a low startup current of typically 24 microamps (μA) and a low operating current of typically 2 mA for an energy efficient design. Other key features of the NCL30000 include a programmable on-time limiter, a zero-current sense (ZCD) sense block, a gate driver, and all other PWM circuitry and protection features required to apply a CrM switching power supply.
ON Semiconductor LED Driver Design Advantage
ON Semiconductor offers a wide range of LED driver solutions for a wide range of applications: automotive, mobile/portable (LCD backlighting and camera flash for mobile phones and digital cameras), medium to large LCD screens (notebooks, netbooks, LCD TVs) LCD backlights, signs, buildings, and general lighting.
Products from ON Semiconductor cover three LED drive methods: a linear solution (very simple and few external components), and a DC-DC inductive switching converter (for energy efficiency and high current). And a charge pump switching converter (for high energy efficiency and compact size).
ON Semiconductor also offers different LED light output modulation/dimming methods: Triac Dimming, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Dimming, Analog Dimming, Digital Dimming (DALI, I2C) Wait).
ON Semiconductor's LED driver products can be powered by different types of voltage sources: AC high voltage, medium AC or DC voltage from 120 Vac to 480 Vac (voltage specifications for certain US highways) (eg 12 Vac or 12 Vdc in a car) Voltage), portable battery from 0.9 to 5 V.
In general, no matter what kind of LED lighting application, no matter what kind of driving solution is needed, no matter what kind of dimming method is needed, no matter what kind of common power supply voltage is used, ON Semiconductor can provide a suitable LED driver solution to meet the requirements. Different needs of customers.
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Specification
Conductor:99.99% oxygen free copper or aluminum
Insulation/Sheath: LSZH FR formula added
Rated Voltage:≤35KV
Packaging: wooden steel drum, wooden/paper/plastic reels
Main advantage
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Application
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Classification
The application of LSZH power cables are classified into 4 level based on using features, fire risk and difficult for evacuation and life-saving.
|
Application |
Flame Retardant Class Choice |
|
Superior |
Class A |
|
Grade 1 |
Class B |
|
Grade 2 |
Class C |
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