The 2N3904 is a widely-used NPN bipolar junction transistor designed for low-power applications. It serves as a versatile component in various electronic circuits, often paired with its complementary counterpart, the 2N3906, to create symmetrical transistor pairs. This particular transistor is notable for its robust performance across a broad temperature range, making it suitable for demanding environments.
Key specifications for the 2N3904 include a collector-emitter breakdown voltage (VCEO) of up to 40 volts, ensuring reliable operation even under high-voltage conditions. The collector current (Ic) can handle up to 200 mA continuously, while maintaining excellent thermal stability. Its collector-base breakdown voltage (VCBO) reaches 60 volts, and the emitter-base voltage (VEBO) is rated at 6 volts, providing additional safety margins for circuit design.
In terms of electrical characteristics, the 2N3904 boasts a DC current gain (hFE) that ranges from 100 to 300, allowing for efficient amplification in both digital and analog circuits. The minimum current gain bandwidth product (Ft) is specified at 250 MHz, which makes it ideal for RF and high-frequency applications. Additionally, the transistor operates within a wide temperature range, from -55°C to +150°C, ensuring consistent performance regardless of environmental conditions.
Packaged in the TO-92 format, the 2N3904 offers a compact footprint that facilitates easy integration into printed circuit boards. This package also contributes to its durability, helping maintain reliability over time. When used alongside other components like the 2N3903 or 2N3905, the 2N3904 forms part of a comprehensive solution for building amplifiers, switches, and other essential electronic functions.
For those interested in deeper technical details, the accompanying image provides a clear pin diagram of the 2N3904, illustrating how it connects within a circuit layout. This visual aid simplifies the assembly process and ensures accurate placement during manufacturing. Overall, the 2N3904 remains an excellent choice for engineers seeking dependable performance in their designs.
While the 2N3904 excels in many areas, it’s important to note some practical considerations when using this transistor. For instance, proper heat dissipation is critical since excessive temperatures could degrade its performance over time. Furthermore, designers should carefully match the transistor's characteristics with specific circuit requirements to maximize efficiency and longevity.
Beyond basic functionality, the 2N3904 supports a variety of creative projects, ranging from hobbyist electronics to professional-grade equipment. Its compatibility with complementary parts enhances flexibility, allowing users to customize solutions based on individual needs. Whether you're working on audio amplifiers, signal processing units, or control systems, the 2N3904 proves itself as a valuable asset in your toolkit.
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