When it comes to traditional robots , you might think of something made of metal and plastic. This robot assembled from nuts and bolts is made of hard metal.
As robots take on more and more tasks outside the laboratory, this rigid system can pose a huge safety hazard to humans. For example, if an industrial robot hits a person, it is likely to cause bruises or even fractures.
Humans have begun to study how to make robots safer or more supple, from cold machines to supple pets.
When used in conjunction with a conventional actuator such as an electric motor, it is like using air muscles or adding springs to the motor.
For example, the Whigs robot adds a spring between the motor and the wheel legs. If the robot hits something else like a person, the spring can act as a shock absorber and cushion, so that the person will not be injured. Another example is the Roomba vacuuming robot, which also has a bumper installed so that it does not damage the furniture when it hits the furniture.
But now people are starting to look in the other direction. People want to combine robots with living tissue to develop robots that can be activated by living muscle tissue or cells. These robots can be activated by electronic signals or light, allowing the tissue to connect with their bones, allowing the robot to perform various actions.
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This kind of robot can move around like an animal, and the body will be soft. When they live with humans, they are also safer than traditional robots and less harmful to the surrounding environment. Of course, since they are composed of living tissues or cells like animals, they also need nutrients to maintain muscle activity. From a weight perspective, this bio-robot will be lighter than a traditional robot.
Researchers are developing bio-robots by cultivating living cells. The materials they use to grow living cells are usually the heart muscles or skeletal muscles of mice or chicks. The culture carrier is a scaffold that does not damage tissue. If polymer materials are used as the substrate for cultivation, then the equipment they developed is a biological robot, a mixture between natural materials and man-made materials.
If you just place the cells on a mold bone without guiding it, then the direction in which they develop is random. This means that when researchers use electronic signals to move them, the contractile force of the tissue will be sporadic, which will reduce the efficiency of the bio-robot.
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