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By 2015, the market size of high-brightness (HB) LEDs is expected to reach US $ 20.2 billion, and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2012 will reach 30.6% (data source: Strategies Unlimited). One of the important application fields driving this significant growth is LEDs used to provide backlighting for thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Applications range from high-definition (HD) TVs and portable tablet PCs to automotive displays and a wide variety of handheld communication devices. However, in order to maintain this impressive growth rate, LEDs must not only provide higher reliability, lower power consumption, and more compact form factors, but also must make improvements in contrast ratio and color accuracy. In addition, in automotive, avionics, and marine displays, all these improvements must be optimized while also withstanding all kinds of ambient lighting conditions from sunny to moonless night.
These TFT-LCD applications include infotainment systems, instrument panels and numerous instrument displays. Of course, when using LEDs to provide backlighting for these displays, in order to optimize the clarity of the display under a variety of lighting conditions, some unique LED driver IC design challenges will arise. It requires LED drivers to provide a very wide range of dimming ratios and efficient conversion, but also withstand the test of relatively harsh automotive electrical and physical environments. It goes without saying that such a solution must provide a very flat and compact footprint, while also improving overall cost efficiency.
In addition, according to LED industry sources: "Amazing growth has occurred in high-brightness LED lighting systems for commercial use; this is because in the eyes of most consumers, LED lighting is still too expensive for the home. .With its long-term advantages, energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics, and related tax cuts and preferential policies, the use of LED lighting in the commercial field will increase significantly, such as: parking lots, office areas, factory buildings and warehouses. LED lights Not only can it replace high-pressure sodium lamps, halogen lamps and incandescent bulbs, but it can also replace CFL and fluorescent lamps in certain occasions. "
Therefore, since lighting generally accounts for 25% to 40% of the total electricity consumption of commercial buildings, it is no surprise that commercial applications are leading the transition to LEDs. Because such applications require long periods of high-intensity light, saving electricity can achieve satisfactory economic returns in a relatively short period of time. Secondly, the long life of the LED lamp greatly reduces the replacement cost of the bulb. These replacement costs include not only the price of the bulb itself, but also the labor cost of actually replacing the bulb in some applications (eg, high-bay lighting). In turn, for the time being, general-purpose LED lighting for home use is still too expensive for most consumers. However, in the next few years, as the price of LED lamps decreases and the penetration rate increases, its residential segment in the lighting market will also achieve substantial growth. Most analysts expect that this market segment will grow faster in 2013 and beyond.
What factors are driving the increasing adoption of LEDs in automotive displays?
What factors support this impressive growth potential in automotive lighting? First, the luminous efficiency of LEDs is 10 times that of incandescent light bulbs, and almost twice that of fluorescent lamps (including cold cathode fluorescent lamps [CCFL]), thus reducing the amount of light provided (in lumens / watt [lm / W] (Measured in units) electrical power required. With the further development of LEDs, their efficacy or ability to generate light output from power sources will only continue to increase. Secondly, we are a world focused on environmental protection, and LED lighting does not require handling, contact and disposal of the toxic mercury vapor common in cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL). Finally, incandescent bulbs often need to be replaced after about 1,000 hours of use, while fluorescent lamps can last up to 10,000 hours. However, these figures pale in comparison to LED lighting that can provide a lifespan of more than 100,000 hours.
In most applications, this longer operating life allows the LED to be permanently embedded in the final application. This is obviously particularly important for the backlighting of car dashboards, meters, and infotainment system displays. Because they will not need to be replaced during the working life of the car, they are often embedded in the car's dashboard. In addition, the shape of the LED can be several orders of magnitude smaller than other lamps, and more compact, so the LED screen can be made extremely flat and thin, so it only takes up very little space in the car. Moreover, through the configuration of red, green and blue LEDs, an unlimited variety of colors can be provided. In addition, LEDs can be dimmed and turned on / off at a speed far beyond the human eye's ability to detect, which can significantly improve the backlighting of LCD displays, while providing images with high contrast ratio and higher resolution .
Barriers to entering the field of automotive applications
However, one of the biggest obstacles facing automotive lighting system designers is how to optimize all the features and advantages of the latest generation of LEDs. Because LEDs generally require an accurate and efficient current source and a dimming method, LED driver ICs must be designed to meet these requirements under a variety of operating conditions. In addition, their power solutions must be very efficient, rugged, and reliable, while also being very compact and cost-effective. It can be said that in terms of driving LEDs, one of the most demanding applications will be the backlighting of automotive infotainment and instrument TFT-LCD, because they are in the harsh automotive electrical environment and must adapt to a wide range of environmental lighting conditions, At the same time, it must be able to fit into a very limited space. And what has remained constant is that they must have an attractive cost structure.
Many emerging automotive designs use a single screen to provide backlighting for all display instruments used for driving control. Usually, the LED backlighting of the instrument panel is shared with the infotainment system, thus forming an integrated control panel that is easy to read. Similarly, many vehicles, including cars, trains, and airplanes, are also equipped with LCD displays in the rear-facing seats to provide passengers with entertainment services such as movies and video games. Historically, such displays have used CCFL backlighting; however, people are increasingly adopting very flat white LED arrays to replace these relatively large bulb designs to provide more precise and adjustable backlighting and longer Service life.
Figure 1: The image above shows a conceptual LCD automotive dashboard backlight with high-brightness LEDs
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