The core tip of the electronic enthusiast network : the safety of patients and medical staff is the top priority of medical electronic equipment, but other factors such as the efficiency of electronic equipment are also crucial. The two factors of safety and efficiency put forward conflicting demands on DC / DC power supply technology. The higher isolation gaps and creepage distances required for medical-grade reinforced isolation will result in the transformer's magnetic field not being able to achieve optimal coupling, so traditional designs will lose valuable efficiency. RECOM engineers have developed a new transformer concept that can circumvent this deficiency. The recently launched "Re3-inforced" converter has a rated power of up to 6W and offers significantly improved isolation voltage levels and efficiency compared to traditional converters.
For applications in industrial products, industrial-grade isolation is usually sufficient. In these applications, the primary and secondary windings of the transformer overlap each other. Therefore, the internal magnetic field exhibits an ideal superimposed state-this is a characteristic necessary to achieve high conversion efficiency. However, this design reduces safety because the two windings are only separated by their respective enameled wire film. Under ideal conditions, the paint film can easily withstand a test voltage of several thousand volts. However, damage caused during the manufacturing process or damage due to aging will eventually cause a short circuit between the primary winding and the secondary winding. Such failures can cause equipment failures in the field of industrial electronics-and in the field of medical electronics, such failures can pose serious safety risks to patients and medical personnel.
UL 60601 specifies limits for "enhanced" isolation
When designing equipment for medical applications, development engineers must be familiar with the specific requirements of IEC 60601. Various international standards have been consistent with EN60601 for the European market or UL60601 for the US market. These two national standards are similar in scope, but only parts that have been certified by the Underwriters Laboratories can be affixed with the UL mark.
The basic electrical safety requirements for medical-grade DC / DC converters are that the isolation barriers of these converters can pass standard and fault voltage tests without failure. Since most medical applications are powered by mains, the generally acceptable minimum isolation voltage is 264VAC, which is equivalent to an isolation test voltage of 1600VDC with a duration of one second. In addition to being able to withstand the isolation test voltage, UL also specifies the minimum creepage distance (trace distance) and isolation gap (arc distance) to meet various isolation levels. Figure 2 is taken from the table published in the standard. It should be noted that the voltage specified in the table is the standard input voltage, not the worst-case isolation voltage.
The difference between isolation voltage and isolation level is often confusing. Medical-grade DC / DC converters powered by 24VDC must be able to withstand an isolation test voltage of at least 1600VDC / 1 second, but an isolation gap of 0.5mm and a creepage distance of 1mm are sufficient to meet the requirements of the standard. The choice of isolation level lies with the user.
Figure 2: This table shows the UL specified isolation gap and creepage distance values ​​corresponding to the input voltage. The value of reinforced isolation is about three times higher than the basic isolation value.
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