Design of modular interface circuit for wireless sensor network nodes

The wireless sensor network is a network composed of a large number of sensor nodes through wireless communication self-organization, and is considered to be one of the technologies that will have a huge impact on the 21st century. The wireless sensor network is used in distributed testing, which is not limited by communication cables, has flexible configuration and strong reconfiguration, and can be used in a harsh test environment. The distributed test system composed of wireless sensor network has been applied to underwater explosion test system. In some distributed field test systems, there are many kinds of measurands. In order to complete the test tasks, the nodes adopt a modular design. The SPI interface circuit is simple and the transmission speed is fast. Each module cooperates to complete the test task through SPI bus communication. However, in actual development and application, due to system requirements, some modules are linked to multiple modules, and the interface works in different modes. If the communication requires master-slave switching of the SPI interface of the functional module, the communication speed and flexibility are reduced . CPLD has the characteristics of programmability. It can expand the dedicated SPI interface circuit according to the needs, improve the system communication speed and flexibility, facilitate the system to expand the function module, and improve the overall performance of the system.

1 The modular design of the node and its interface circuit

The wireless sensor network nodes adopt a modular design method, and each node includes a wireless transceiver module, a core main control module, and a function module. The system receives the command code sent by the main station through the wireless transceiver module, and the core main control module decodes the command to complete the control of each functional module (opening the collection, time resetting, etc.). The system needs to complete multiple repetitive tests, so the experimental data (shock wave data, environmental variable information, time and location information, etc.) should be stored in the data storage management module for unified management at the end of each test, while preparing for the next test. When the system is working, the SPI interface of the data storage management module works in the slave mode on the one hand and receives the commands sent by the master control module; on the other hand, it works in the master mode and forwards the command codes for controlling other function modules and reads the test data for unified management. Fig. 1 is the module interlinkage diagram in which the SPI interface dedicated to working in the main mode is expanded. The SPI interface circuit that works exclusively in the main mode has the characteristics of improving the data transmission speed and flexibility between modules.

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