Ultra-supercritical power generation technology enters a new stage
“Currently, ultra-supercritical power generation technology has entered a new stage of paying more attention to independent innovation, smarter optimization and control, and cleaner and low-carbon environmental protection.†Recently, it was jointly organized by China Power Engineering Society, Huaneng Shandong Power Generation Co., Ltd. and China Power Technology Network. Zhu Yuexiang, executive deputy secretary-general of the China Power Engineering Society, said at the 10th Annual Super-Core Unit Technical Exchange Conference.
In November 2006, the operation of No. 1 million kilowatt unit of Huaneng Yuhuan Power Plant marked a major breakthrough in the design, manufacture and construction technology of China's million kilowatt ultra-supercritical engineering. In the past ten years, coal-fired power generation technology has continued to innovate and reach the world's leading level. Million kilowatt-class ultra-supercritical unit, ultra-low emission coal-fired power generation technology is widely used; 600,000 kilowatt-class, million kilowatt-class ultra-supercritical secondary reheat unit and the world's first 600,000 kilowatt-class supercritical circulating fluidized bed The unit was put into commercial operation. Compared with the early design of the million kilowatt ultra-supercritical unit, the newly designed million kilowatt secondary reheat ultra-supercritical unit has a 3.59% increase in power efficiency and a power consumption of 22.6 grams/kWh.
“Now China's coal-fired supercritical/ultra-supercritical units have achieved world-leading levels in terms of capacity, parameters, efficiency and coal consumption, making them the world's largest ultra-supercritical units with the highest steam parameters and the lowest coal consumption. The transformation technology has reached the world's advanced level. The circulating fluidized bed generator set is also developing towards supercritical and ultra-supercritical parameters." Wei Wei, CEO of China Power Technology Network, told the China Electric Power News reporter. In his view, with the rapid advancement of energy transformation and upgrading, the development of the coal-fired power industry is now facing many problems, the situation is grim, opportunities and challenges coexist.
Increase efforts to strengthen independent innovation
“The development of ultra-supercritical power generation technology has gone from adopting technology design to independent design to completely independent design, and has experienced the process of localization of design, localization of technology, localization of production, localization of commissioning.†Harbin Boiler Factory Co., Ltd. Xia Liangwei, deputy director of the Design and Development Division, said at the above meeting.
“Increase the intensity of tackling key points and strengthen independent innovation†also has important chapters in the “13th Five-Year Plan for Power Development†(2016~2020). The 13th Five-Year Plan for Electric Power Development (2016~2020) emphasizes the application of a new batch of relatively mature and market-required new technologies to achieve industrialization as soon as possible. Pilot and demonstrate a group of suitable technologies that have accumulated, but have not yet achieved large-scale production, further verifying the technical route and economy. Focus on a number of key technologies with broad prospects but limited core technologies. Encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development and actively participate in independent innovation.
"After entering the 21st century, although domestic OEMs have introduced advanced supercritical and ultra-supercritical technologies from abroad, due to the introduction of more technology sources, the research strengths and resources of various OEMs and research institutes are scattered. The reason is that for ultra-supercritical steam turbines, only the localization of small key components such as blades and fasteners has been solved.†Peng Jianqiang, deputy director of the Materials Technology Research Institute of Harbin Steam Turbine Works Co., Ltd., said at the above meeting, “ For the high-Cr rotor forgings for high-temperature rotors, although the domestic main engine and heavy machine factories are jointly developed, the progress is slow. So far, the high-Cr super-high-voltage super-supercritical rotors are still imported."
The reporter noted that “further improving the auxiliary equipment manufacturing level of the power station and promoting the localization of key supporting equipment†was listed as the key content in the “Calcium Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Upgrade and Transformation Action Plan (2014~2020)â€.
“At present, the maximum inlet steam temperature that has been put into commercial operation has reached 620 degrees Celsius. The research and development of ultra-supercritical units with steam temperatures up to 700 degrees Celsius and above are being carried out at home and abroad. However, for ultra-supercritical 630-650 degrees Celsius level The unit has relatively few researches at home and abroad. This is mainly because there is no suitable high temperature material.†Bi Yanyan, manager of coal power technology of Sandvik International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., said in an interview that high temperature materials are high-parameter units. basis. High-parameter power generation equipment can be manufactured only with power station materials with excellent high-temperature performance.
During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†period, for the localization of ultra-supercritical power generation technology, the “13th Five-Year Plan for Power Development†(2016~2020) clearly emphasized that it is necessary to fully grasp the ultra-supercritical units with independent intellectual property rights. Design and manufacturing technology; focus on high-temperature materials, accelerate the research on ultra-supercritical power generation technology at 700 degrees Celsius; research and develop intermediate parameter level demonstration, achieve power generation efficiency breakthrough of 50%, promote the independent property rights of 600,000 kilowatts ultra-supercritical CFB power generation technology demonstration .
Intelligent power plant technology is the future development direction
“Intelligent power plant technology is the development direction of thermal power plants in the next decade.†Chen Shihe, secretary general of the National Thermal Power Automation Technology Committee of the Power Industry, said at the above meeting. According to Chen Shihe, the control development of China's modern thermal power plants has experienced the digitalization of the automation, fieldbus + SIS application (2000~2015) characterized by DCS system application (1985~2000) to the ongoing CPS+ intelligent control promotion ( 2015~) is characterized by three stages of intelligence.
The reporter noted that the "13th Five-Year Plan for Power Development (2016~2020)" emphasizes: "Developing intelligent power generation technology, carrying out intelligent detection of power generation processes, research on control technology and equipment development of intelligent instrument control systems, tackling high-efficiency fuel Advanced operation control technology and demonstration applications in coal generator sets, large wind turbines, heavy gas units, nuclear power units, etc."
At present, the “four changes†of coal quality, variable climate, variable load and variable coal price in the operation of thermal power plants put forward new requirements for the control technology of ultra-supercritical generator sets. Chen Shihe believes that under this circumstance, the main parameters of the unit should be controlled more accurately and stably, adapt to the long-term operation in the middle and low load conditions, and at the same time, better meet the requirements of ultra-low emission and realize intelligent online optimization technology.
Chen Shihe has made special reports on “Smart Power Plant Technology†in the National Professional Technology Forum and the major power generation groups, and led the preparation and publication of the first “Intelligent Power Plant Technology Development Outlineâ€. According to Chen Shihe and many experts, smart power plants are based on the extensive use of modern digital information processing and communication technologies, integrating intelligent sensing and execution, control and management technologies to achieve safer, more efficient and environmentally friendly operation, and intelligent A power plant with coordinated power grids. “Promote the development of 'Internet + smart energy'. Explore the construction of multi-energy complementary, distributed coordination, open and shared energy Internet, and build a clean, low-carbon, efficient and safe modern energy system.†The “Thirteen Five-Year†countries released recently Informatization Planning also has clear requirements for intelligent development, with particular emphasis on: “Promoting the integration and integration of information technology and manufacturing, energy, materials, and biology technologies, and spawning new technologies and creating new formats.â€
“Intelligent power plants are the extension and development of digital power plants. It presents us with a landscape that opens up the boundaries of different professions, different regions and different time periods, and vertically opens the boundaries of equipment boundaries, control and management at all levels, and can flexibly and efficiently Meet the needs of users and achieve the perfect integration of technology and management." Xu Dingming, chairman of the session, special researcher of the State Council Counselor and director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at the meeting. In Xu Dingming's view, to build a modern energy system, we must pay special attention to the use of important resources such as information and data in the Internet era.
Carbon emissions issue is officially on the agenda
The "13th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions" states that by 2020, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will fall by 18% from 2015, and the total amount of carbon emissions will be effectively controlled. The national carbon emission trading market is in operation; by 2020, the total energy consumption will be controlled within 5 billion tons of standard coal. In particular, the plan proposes that the power generation CO2 emission control of large power generation units is within 550 g/kWh.
“Sheneng Anhui Pingshan Phase II Expansion Project's Turbine Generator Component Shaft Height and Low Position Design' is currently the lowest carbon emission coal-fired technology that can be achieved.†Chairman of the 10th Super-supercritical Unit Technical Exchange Annual Meeting Mao Jianxiong, a professor at Tsinghua University, specifically pointed out when coal-fired power responded to the challenge of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. According to Prof. Mao Jianxiong, as a national electric power demonstration project, the technology of “high-low and low-level arrangement of steam turbine generator components†is to improve the steam temperature and secondary reheating technology as much as possible to minimize the loss of thermodynamics. Combined, under the conditions of existing materials, it is possible to achieve technologies that are lower than the US coal-fired carbon dioxide emission standards.
“Mixed combustion is the most economical technical measure to achieve CO2 reduction in many countries. Benefits include the use of local resources to generate electricity, reduce flue gas treatment and efficient use of resources, and these advantages can be achieved with very low technical risks. Long Hui, deputy chief engineer of China Power Engineering Consulting Group Co., Ltd., raised the issue of carbon emissions.
Long Hui pointed out at the meeting that most of the units in southern China are mainly super-super-supercritical units, which can carry out technical transformations with the goal of reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon tax as the core, and can organize large-scale coal-fired boilers to be mixed. Substances demonstrate carbon reduction.
“The proportion of biomass mixed in large pulverized coal fired furnaces (including ultra-supercritical pulverized coal furnaces) can reach 10-20% during mixed combustion. For circulating fluidized bed boilers, the ratio of biomass co-firing can range from 0 to 100. Between %, it is more flexible.†According to Professor Mao Jianxiong, there are more than 150 sets of coal and biomass co-firing power generation in the world, 100 of which are in the EU countries, and they have the most abundant experience in biomass co-firing power generation. More than 40 sets are in the United States and the rest are in Australia.
The reporter noted that “speeding up the development and application of key technologies for coal-fired and biomass-coupled power generation†was also listed as an important part of the “13th Five-Year Planâ€. At the same time, the plan also emphasizes the active development of new coal-based power generation technology and breaks through the bottleneck of conventional coal-electricity efficiency.
"The use of CCS in thermal power plants to deal with carbon dioxide emissions is still very uncertain." Wei Wei can think. He suggested that by 2050, the goal of coal-fired thermal power plants moving towards near-zero carbon dioxide emissions (more than 90% reduction in CO2 emissions) could be achieved through the use of short-, medium-, and long-term technical approaches that maximize efficiency and adopt Biomass co-firing until the reduction rate of coal-fired carbon dioxide is more than 50%. On this basis, when the CCS technology is available, the long-term goal of achieving a carbon dioxide emission reduction rate of more than 90% is achieved.
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