Compared with the ground building, the biggest feature of the underground building is that there is no natural daylighting, mainly relying on artificial lighting measures. Therefore, the lighting of the underground building has a long time, high illumination and reliability requirements, and the humidity has a great influence on the lamps and lines. For a long time, the lighting design of underground buildings has followed the design standards of ground buildings. The lighting efficiency has not been well utilized. The long-term work of the staff in this environment not only reduces the work efficiency, but also causes visual fatigue, dizziness, Symptoms such as neurasthenia seriously affect the strategic function and economic efficiency of underground buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a detailed and in-depth study on the lighting performance of underground buildings.
Traditional building automation systems generally only include subsystems such as computer networks, equipment monitoring, automatic fire alarms, and security precautions. The development of intelligent lighting systems is relatively lagging behind. With the advancement of science and technology and the development of society, higher and higher requirements are put forward for energy saving and scientific management of lighting systems. In particular, the energy consumption of underground building lighting accounts for a large proportion of power consumption, and the status of lighting is becoming more and more important. In China, lighting energy consumption accounts for about 10-12% of electricity consumption, while underground building lighting consumes a higher proportion. According to the author's statistics, it accounts for about 35%. Therefore, in underground buildings, intelligent lighting should be considered as an important part of the intelligent system. Reasonable selection of light source, lighting and lighting control system with superior performance can improve lighting quality and energy saving effect.
1. Discussion on the lighting efficiency of underground buildings
Illumination can artificially create good lighting conditions, so that the human eye can identify the observed objects comfortably and efficiently without any difficulty and damage, engage in corresponding activities, ensure physical and mental health, improve labor productivity, improve product quality, and reduce each Kind of accident. Using different forms and sizes of luminaires, the directionality and gradation of the illumination can also be used to render the function of the building and to enhance the atmosphere of the environment.
1.1 Do a thorough and meticulous performance study to provide a scientific basis for lighting design
The evaluation of lighting quality is a very complicated problem involving many factors. For a long time, lighting design has been designed and evaluated for lighting effects based on physical quantities such as illumination brightness, uniformity, stereoscopic effect, glare, color rendering index, and color parameters of objects. With the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, lighting design should not only meet the requirements of standards in terms of quantitative indicators, but also consider factors such as human visual characteristics, comfort, architectural lighting art and energy saving. Different brightness and color have different visual perceptions for people. Different people, different time, different places, and even different emotions of people will reflect different feelings of light and darkness and color. Lighting design should reflect the relationship between people and environment, and create a A comfortable, bright and artistically lit lighting environment.
So far, the research on the lighting efficiency of underground buildings is almost blank. The lack of scientific and reasonable illumination standards and the people-oriented environment model, coupled with the level of designers and experience, make the realization of lighting performance not guaranteed, even Light pollution, such as glare, stroboscopic, and color distortion, can be generated due to improper design and application, resulting in some heat, infrared, and ultraviolet rays that people do not need.
The development of the times requires us to innovate and advance with the times. If you follow the old rules, copy the results of the predecessors, or only do the tinkering on the surface, then our level of understanding will always stay at the current height, and we will not be able to stand still. The personnel engaged in lighting research and design should go to the engineering practice, actually investigate the nature, scale, characteristics and requirements of underground buildings, listen carefully to the user's feelings and suggestions, and experience the realization of lighting performance. Through a large number of experiments, different Illumination standards and environmental models for underground buildings, different functional units, and different locations and different people at the same location. In short, raising the level of understanding, grasping the concept of people-oriented, taking into account the scientific and artistic aspects of design, reflecting the interrelationship between people and the environment, making the staff happy to be immersive and consciously maintained, and the environment is conducive to protecting people's physical and mental health. And improve work efficiency.
1.2 Make full use of new products and technologies to improve the environment of underground buildings
To improve the working environment of underground buildings and improve lighting efficiency, the following measures can be taken: one is to effectively use natural light through new lighting methods and materials; the other is to use high-quality lighting sources in artificial lighting; Continuous dimming and easing scene switching control.
1.2.1 Effective use of natural light through new lighting methods and materials
Common methods of using natural light are:
(1) Light guide tube method
The light collected by the solar concentrator is transmitted to the place where the light needs to be collected indoors. For example, the natural lighting research results of the underground building of the Chinese Academy of Building Sciences use this method to solve the problem of natural daylighting.
(2) prism group multiple reflection method
The sunlight collected by the concentrator is transmitted to a portion where light is required to be collected by a set of light transmitting prisms. In this way, Australia uses the light to send light to the room 10m deep; the UK has used this method to solve the lighting of underground buildings and windowless buildings.