Classification
Pressure gauges can be categorized based on their measurement accuracy. They are divided into precision pressure gauges and general-purpose pressure gauges. Precision pressure gauges have higher accuracy levels such as 0.1, 0.16, 0.25, and 0.4. General pressure gauges typically have lower accuracy ratings like 1.0, 1.6, 2.5, and 4.0.
Based on the measurement standard, pressure gauges vary according to the reference point of the pressure they indicate. These include general pressure gauges, absolute pressure gauges, stainless steel pressure gauges, and differential pressure gauges. General pressure gauges use atmospheric pressure as a reference, while absolute pressure gauges measure from absolute zero pressure. Differential pressure gauges measure the difference between two pressures.
According to their measuring range, pressure gauges are classified into vacuum gauges, pressure-vacuum gauges, micro-pressure gauges, low-pressure gauges, medium-pressure gauges, and high-pressure gauges. Vacuum gauges measure pressures below atmospheric pressure, while pressure-vacuum gauges can measure both below and above atmospheric pressure. Micro-pressure gauges are used for pressures less than 60,000 Pa, and low-pressure gauges measure up to 6 MPa. Medium-pressure gauges cover 10–60 MPa, while high-pressure gauges are used for even higher ranges.
Depending on how the pressure is displayed, pressure gauges can be either pointer-type or digital. Pointer-type gauges use a mechanical needle to show readings, while digital gauges provide electronic displays for more accurate and readable measurements.
Functionally, pressure gauges can be split into local indicating gauges and signal-controlled gauges. Local indicators show pressure directly, while signal-controlled gauges send data to remote systems for monitoring and control.
Pressure gauges can also be categorized by the characteristics of the medium being measured. These include:
1. General pressure gauges: Used for non-corrosive liquids, gases, or steam that do not affect copper or its alloys.
2. Corrosion-resistant pressure gauges: Designed for corrosive media, often using stainless steel or diaphragm designs.
3. Explosion-proof pressure gauges: Used in hazardous environments where explosive mixtures may be present, such as in chemical plants or oil refineries.
4. Special pressure gauges: Custom-designed for specific applications or industries.
Based on usage, pressure gauges come in various types, including ordinary pressure gauges, ammonia gauges, oxygen gauges, electric contact gauges, remote transmission gauges, vibration-resistant gauges, gauges with inspection pointers, dual-needle gauges, and digital display models.
Working Principle
The pressure gauge works by using an elastic sensitive component, such as a Bourdon tube, bellows, or diaphragm. When pressure is applied, the component deforms, and this deformation is transferred through an internal mechanism to move the pointer, which then indicates the pressure value on the dial.
Common Industrial Pressure Gauge – Bellows Pressure Gauge
Bellows pressure gauges, also known as micro-pressure gauges, are ideal for measuring small amounts of pressure in non-explosive, non-corrosive, and non-solidifying liquids, gases, or steam. They are commonly used in boiler ventilation systems, gas pipelines, and combustion devices to monitor low or negative pressure in non-corrosive environments.
How it works: The pressure of the medium enters the bellows' inner chamber, causing the free end to displace. This movement is transmitted via a linkage mechanism to rotate the gear, which moves the pointer to indicate the measured pressure on the dial.
Applications: Bellows pressure gauges are widely used in equipment requiring precise low-pressure monitoring, such as in ventilation systems and gas distribution networks.
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